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A primary responsibility of a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) is to treat and perform surgeries on animals. This encompasses a range of activities, including diagnosing animal illnesses, developing treatment plans, conducting surgeries, and providing preventative care. DVMs play a critical role in ensuring the health and well-being of various animal species, whether domesticated or wild.

In a veterinary practice, DVMs use their expertise to assess animals' medical conditions through examinations, laboratory tests, and diagnostic imaging. They are trained to handle a variety of medical procedures, from routine vaccinations to complex surgical interventions, making their role essential in both the health care of animals and the education of pet owners about animal care.

While other options may involve aspects related to the veterinary field, they do not encapsulate the core responsibility of a DVM as thoroughly as treating and performing surgeries on animals. For instance, performing oral surgeries is a specific task that might be part of a DVM's work but does not reflect their overall scope of responsibilities. Diagnosing human illnesses falls outside the practice of veterinary medicine, as DVMs specialize in animal health. Editing veterinary textbooks, while potentially a task some DVMs engage in, is not a primary obligation in their day-to-day practice